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作者匿稱:古海

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發現最古老城市! 遠溯6千年 崇拜「大眼睛」

史上最古老的城市∼敘利亞哈姆卡爾(圖/俄羅斯真理報http://english.pravda.ru/science/tech/13-03-2008/104485-hamoukar-0) 
2008/03/18 10:34
ETtoday旅遊村/賴芃縈編譯

在2007年年底美國考古學雜誌公佈的世界上最古老的城市,存在於美索不達米亞平原南部的肥沃月灣地區,也就是現在的伊拉克。已經被最新發現的敘利亞的哈姆卡爾所取代。人類所建立的第一座城市,到底是什麼樣子呢?

據俄羅斯《真理報》報導:美國和敘利亞考古學家最近發現了一個追溯到6000年前的古城廢墟,它可能是世界上最古老的城市。這是美國芝加哥大學東方研究所考古學家麥戈瑞吉布森所領導的美敘考古隊,他們從1999年開始進行探勘和收集各種碎屑碎片,最後發現,這裡竟然是一個超級巨大的古代城市。

哈姆卡爾(音譯,Hamoukar)位於底格�奡答e和幼發拉底河之間的蘇美爾(Sumer),就在今天敘利亞東南方的小村附近山下。考古人員發現這個城市,是古代最重要的運輸走廊,古代旅人和商人經常通過這�堙A估計推算這�堨i能是西元前15世紀米坦尼帝國的首都。

從挖掘到西元前3209年的古代聚居地遺址開始擴大,以致到現在這整個城市面積可達到250公頃,這種規模的城市在古代是相當令人難以相信的。對當時的人來說,這種規模堪稱「超級都市」。

科學家們從衛星圖上還發現更多線索,衛星圖片上顯示:位於遺址的北側和東面,有長達100米的建築物,很可能是城牆。另外,還有壕溝,可以為城市提供水源。這是相當令人振奮的發現。

目前,這個遺址的3個地區正在被挖掘出來。第一個區是一個塹壕,60米長、3米寬,位於北部山坡。考古學家們挖掘出不同時期的塹壕,最底一層可追溯到6000年前。考古學家們還發現了4米高、4米厚的大牆,這很可能就是城牆。還有很西元前4000多年的陶瓷製品,而最古老的建築可追溯到西元前3200年,也有西元前3000年和西元前1000年的建築。

很多陶瓷器皿的設計,都讓考古家們目瞪口呆:像是用來煮東西的大陶罐,還有一些小器皿,它們幾乎只有「鴕鳥蛋殼」厚。比較令人好奇的是:在他們的房子裡發現了「大眼睛」的小雕像,很像是他們當時的神像。此外,還發現了一個2米深的大坑,很可能是當時的神廟。

哈姆卡爾城的發現,證明了在兩河流域出現文明的同時,高度發達的社會也已經在其他地方出現。研究人員甚至大膽猜測,這裡就是當今世界文明的發源地。這一發現改變了地球上城市和文明出現的傳統觀念,城市與文明的出現要比科學家們預想的更早。

這麼繁華的城市,後來又是怎麼消失的呢?根據學者從遺留下來的城牆碎石判斷,當時哈姆卡爾城的被毀滅的原因,很有可能是因為戰爭。


↑從衛星圖上所看到的敘利亞哈姆卡爾城。(圖/俄羅斯真理報http://english.pravda.ru/science/tech/13-03-2008/104485-hamoukar-0)

參考資料:俄羅斯真理報、國際在線、Youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcavfztZ-OA




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發表時間 2008/03/18 10:56:17  該用戶目前不在線上    管理人員

作者匿稱:古海

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俄羅斯真理報
NASA隱瞞月球上發現古代城市遺 跡英文原文報導
http://english.pravda.ru/science/mysteries/99895-0/
U.S. scientists unveil NASA’s secrets about cities on the Moon and microbes on Mars 
Front page / Science / Mysteries
31.10.2007 Source: Pravda.Ru     


Pages: 12

The former manager of the Data and Photo Control Department at NASA’s Lunar Receiving Laboratory during the manned Apollo Lunar Program, Ken Johnston, has released quite a number of sensational statements recently in the USA. The specialist said that U.S. astronauts found ancient ruins of artificial origin and a previously unknown technology to control gravitation when then landed on the Moon. Astronauts took pictures of the objects that they found, but NASA ordered Johnston to destroy the images. Johnston did not follow the order. He said that the U.S. government had been keeping this information a secret for 40 years.

 
 
U.S. scientists say that Apollo astronauts found ancient ruins on the Moon (enterprisemission.com)
 
Johnston's startling Apollo allegations have recently appeared in a new book, "Dark Mission: the Secret History of NASA," co-authored by former NASA consultant and CBS Science Advisor, Richard C. Hoagland and Mike Bara, an aerospace engineering consultant. According to Kay Ferrari, JPL Director of the SSA Program (in a phone call to Johnston last week), it was Johnston "being quoted [as] criticizing NASA in Hoagland's new book, 'Dark Mission,'" that prompted her to ask for Johnston's resignation from the SSA Program. When Johnston refused, citing First Amendment protections of free speech afforded all NASA employees, even those at JPL, Ferrari apparently decided to remove him arbitrarily from the SSA Program this week without cause.

The low quality pictures included in the book depict ruins of buildings, huge dome-like objects made of glass, stone towers and castled hanging in the air.

“I have nothing to lose. I have quarreled with NASA and I got fired,” Ken Johnston said.

Indeed, NASA believes that allegations of the ancient civilization found on the Moon are not serious. The authors of the controversial book also say that President John F. Kennedy, who launched the lunar race with the Soviet Union, actually intended to share extraterrestrial technologies with Moscow. Making a speech at the United Nations Organizations in September of 1963, Kennedy supposedly offered the USSR to organize a joint mission to the Moon.

Richard Hoagland believes that Washington’s interest in the Moon exploration that suddenly appeared after 30 years of silence is based on the lunar findings that the U.S. government has been keeping a secret for 40 years. Russia, China, Japan and even India have publicly announced their plans to work on the exploration of the Moon. The USA, Hoagland said, wants to be the first at this point.

Become a member of Pravda.ru online community

In December NASA announced plans to build an international base on one of the poles of the Moon. The base is to be finished by 2024. Russia’s booster rocket maker, Energia, has a more ambitious program: to build a permanent manned base on the Moon by 2015.

 
 
U.S. scientists say that Apollo astronauts found ancient ruins on the Moon (enterprisemission.com)

 
Russia says the base will be built to develop the industrial production of helium-3. U.S. specialists prefer not to say anything specific on the matter. To crown it all, China launched its first satellite to the Moon on October 24. China also intends to launch a lunar base and an unmanned space probe to the Moon by 2010.

Non-radioactive isotope of helium, helium-3, is a powerful fuel for the nuclear synthesis. Only six tons of this fuel would provide enough energy to power a large European country for one year. The qualities of the gas (pollution-free and very high output) make many countries treat the perspective as seriously as possible. Germany, India and China conduct a number of research works to develop methods of helium-3 extraction.

Hoagland and Johnston also intend to prove that NASA virtually acts as another defense department of the United States, entitled to classify important technical and scientific information without the control of the U.S. Congress.

Hoagland says that American astronauts could secretly deliver samples of extraterrestrial technologies from the Moon to the Earth. The technologies, the scientist says, push world’s leading countries into a new lunar race. “Unlike the previous space race between the USSR and the USA, the new one will determine the life of every single human being on Earth,” Hoagland said.

Hoagland and Johnston think that the USA deliberately intensifies shuttle launches in order to shut down the program ahead of schedule and start using new the spacecraft, Constellation, that will let the USA land on the Moon again.

Richard Hoagland says that NASA conceals a number of other secrets, including the discovery of microbes on the surface of Mars. The discovery was supposedly made by unmanned space probe Viking in 1976.

Based on news reports of Russian news agencies

Translated by Dmitry Sudakov
Pravda.ru


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回覆時間 2008/03/18 10:59:12

作者匿稱:albert

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特殊人物銀卡
 
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以下引用由 古海 在 2008/03/18 10:59:12 所發表的內容:
俄羅斯真理報
NASA隱瞞月球上發現古代城市遺 跡英文原文報導
http://english.pravda.ru/science/mysteries/99895-0/
U.S. scientists unveil NASA’s secrets about cities on the Moon and microbe ...

俄國人真是地球人的好友
二戰
老美掩蓋日軍731部隊的惡行
結果給老俄挖出來

從愛和喜悅的心作出發,以感恩和分享的態度唯依皈!
 

回覆時間 2008/03/18 21:08:36
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